Italian trapassato prossimo exercises

A free B1 (intermediate) Italian exercise on Trapassato prossimo (past perfect): 60 fill in the blank questions in 4 sets, from core practice to a mixed review, each with the answer and a short explanation. Or take a random round of 10. No account needed.

The rule in brief

The trapassato prossimo is the Italian past perfect. It describes an action that happened before another past action: quando sono arrivato, il film era già cominciato (the film started first, then I arrived).

It is formed with the imperfetto of avere or essere plus the past participle. The choice of auxiliary follows the same rules as the passato prossimo: most verbs take avere (avevo mangiato), while verbs of movement and change of state, and all reflexive verbs, take essere (era partita, si erano conosciuti).

With essere the participle agrees with the subject in gender and number: Marco era uscito, Giulia era uscita, le ragazze erano uscite. With avere the participle normally stays in -o. Adverbs such as già, appena and mai usually go between the auxiliary and the participle: avevo appena finito.

avere + mangiareessere + partire
ioavevo mangiatoero partito/a
tuavevi mangiatoeri partito/a
lui / leiaveva mangiatoera partito/a
noiavevamo mangiatoeravamo partiti/e
voiavevate mangiatoeravate partiti/e
loroavevano mangiatoerano partiti/e
  • Non avevo fame perché avevo già pranzato. · I wasn’t hungry because I had already had lunch.
  • Quando l’ho chiamata, Anna era appena uscita. · When I called her, Anna had just gone out.

Exercises · 60 questions in 4 sets

Write the verb in brackets in the trapassato prossimo.

Set 1 · Core practice

  1. 1

    Quando siamo arrivati alla stazione, il treno   da cinque minuti.(partire)

    When we got to the station, the train had left five minutes earlier.

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    era partito · Partire takes essere, and the participle agrees with il treno (masculine singular).

  2. 2

    Laura non aveva fame perché   un panino in ufficio.(mangiare)

    Laura wasn’t hungry because she had eaten a sandwich at the office.

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    aveva mangiato · Eating the sandwich came before not being hungry; mangiare takes avere, so aveva mangiato.

  3. 3

    Marco mi ha detto che   quel film tre volte.(vedere)

    Marco told me he had seen that film three times.

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    aveva visto · Reported speech after a past verb moves earlier events into the trapassato; vedere has the participle visto.

  4. 4

    Ero esausto perché   tutta la notte.(lavorare)

    I was exhausted because I had worked all night.

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    avevo lavorato · The night of work explains a later state; lavorare takes avere, first person avevo.

  5. 5

    Quando ho chiamato Giulia, lei   di casa da poco.(uscire)

    When I called Giulia, she had left the house a little earlier.

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    era uscita · Uscire takes essere, so the participle agrees with Giulia: uscita.

  6. 6

    Lì per lì non ho riconosciuto Paolo:   i capelli cortissimi.(tagliarsi)

    At first I didn’t recognise Paolo: he had cut his hair very short.

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    si era tagliato · Reflexive verbs take essere; the reflexive pronoun si comes before the auxiliary era.

  7. 7

    Prima di trasferirci a Bologna, io e mio fratello   cinque anni a Milano.(vivere)

    Before moving to Bologna, my brother and I had lived in Milan for five years.

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    avevamo vissuto · Io e mio fratello is noi. Vivere can take avere or essere; avere is more common with a length of time.

  8. 8

    Il professore era arrabbiato perché Luca non   i compiti.(fare)

    The teacher was angry because Luca hadn’t done his homework.

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    aveva fatto · Not doing the homework came first; fare takes avere and has the irregular participle fatto.

  9. 9

    Quando l’ho conosciuta, Marta   mamma da poco.(diventare)

    When I met her, Marta had recently become a mother.

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    era diventata · Diventare is a change of state and takes essere, so the participle agrees with Marta.

  10. 10

    Ragazzi, quando Carla vi ha telefonato,   da poco dal mare?(tornare)

    Guys, when Carla phoned you, had you just got back from the seaside?

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    eravate tornati · Tornare takes essere; ragazzi is voi, masculine plural, so eravate tornati.

  11. 11

    Le studentesse hanno superato l’esame perché   molto.(studiare)

    The students passed the exam because they had studied a lot.

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    avevano studiato · Studying came before passing; studiare takes avere, so the participle does not change.

  12. 12

    Elena e Sara mi hanno raccontato che   in Spagna l’estate prima.(andare)

    Elena and Sara told me they had gone to Spain the summer before.

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    erano andate · Andare takes essere; two women make the participle feminine plural: andate.

  13. 13

    Ho finalmente letto il libro che mia madre mi   a Natale.(regalare)

    I have finally read the book my mother had given me at Christmas.

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    aveva regalato · The present was given before the reading; regalare takes avere, third person aveva.

  14. 14

    Ieri non riuscivi a entrare in casa:   le chiavi in macchina?(dimenticare)

    Yesterday you couldn’t get into the house: had you left the keys in the car?

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    avevi dimenticato · The forgetting happened before the problem; tu takes avevi.

  15. 15

    Il direttore ha scoperto che qualcuno   nel suo ufficio durante la notte.(entrare)

    The manager found out that someone had got into his office during the night.

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    era entrato · Entrare takes essere; qualcuno is grammatically masculine singular, so entrato.

15 questions.

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