Essere or avere?

Develop yesterday through a focused practice itinerary.

Avere or essere?

Most transitive verbs use avere. Movement and change-of-state verbs often use essere. Reflexive verbs use essere. With essere, the participle agrees with the subject: «Marta è arrivata», «Luca è arrivato».

  • Ho comprato il biglietto.· I bought the ticket.
  • Siamo arrivati alle otto.· We arrived at eight.
  • Ieri ho visitato Firenze.· Yesterday I visited Florence.
  • Abbiamo visto un film.· We watched a film.

Form, meaning, and contrast

Compare the second set of models. Identify the contrast in meaning, then check verb form, agreement, pronoun position, and the logical relation before you produce a new sentence.

  • parlare → parlato; credere → creduto; dormire → dormito· to speak → spoken; to believe → believed; to sleep → slept
  • fare → fatto; leggere → letto; prendere → preso· to do → done; to read → read; to take → taken
  • Sabato scorso sono andata al mercato, poi ho cucinato.· Last Saturday I went to the market, then I cooked.
  • Che cosa hai fatto?· What did you do?

In context

The words of this lesson in sentences from other A2 lessons.